Methods, systems, and media for transmitting data in a video signal

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for transmitting data in a video signal. The systems may perform the methods to generate a data frame, wherein the data frame may include at least a frame header and frame data, the frame header may include at least one autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence; insert the data frame into an area of a video signal, wherein the inserted area of the video signal is not an area of line and field synchronization or an area of effective video; transmit the video signal having the data frame to another device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of International Application No.PCT/CN2017/092916 filed on Jul. 14, 2017, which further claims priorityto Chinese Application No. 201610575545.4 filed on Jul. 18, 2016, thecontents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure generally relates to methods, systems and mediafor video communications, and in particular, methods, systems and mediafor transmit data in a video signal.

BACKGROUND

In the field of video surveillance or transmission, demands for video,audio and control data transmission by using a single cable have becomeincreasingly more, for it can effectively reduce the material cost andthe construction cost and greatly reduce the difficulty of upgrading thesystem. However, the length of the cable and the interference may affectdata extracting and the normal operation of the system, such as largescale errors of the extracted data.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a method may includeone or more of the following operations. The at least one processor maygenerate a data frame. The data frame may include at least a frameheader and frame data, and the frame header may include at least oneautocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence. The at least oneprocessor may insert the data frame into an area of a video signal. Theinserted area of the video signal may not an area of line and fieldsynchronization or an area of effective video. The at least oneprocessor may further transmit the video signal having the data frame toanother device.

In some embodiments, the data frame may include an audio signal frame.

In some embodiments, the audio signal frame may be non-uniform quantizedaccording to A-law or p-law.

In some embodiments, an audio of the audio signal frame may be modulatedbased on a multilevel baseband method.

In some embodiments, the audio signal frame may be processed by ashaping filter, wherein the shaping filter may include a raised cosineshaping filter.

In some embodiments, the inserted area of the video signal may be oneof: an area between an end of a color synchronization of a video activeline and a cut-off point of a line blanking area, an area between an endof the color synchronization of a blanking line and the cut-off point ofa line blanking area, or an effective area of a blanking line.

In some embodiments, the autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequencemay be a Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequence or a Gold sequence.

In some embodiments, the data frame may further include a frame tail,the frame tail may include at least one autocorrelation andcross-correlation sequence.

In some embodiments, the frame tail may have same content as the frameheader.

In some embodiments, the frame data may be encoded according to a spreadspectrum coding method or a channel coding method.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method mayinclude one or more of the following operations. The at least oneprocessor may obtain a video signal having a data frame, wherein thedata frame may be inserted into an area of the video signal, the dataframe may include at least a frame header and frame data, and the frameheader may include at least one autocorrelation and cross-correlationsequence. The at least one processor may determine the frame header ofthe data frame. The at least one processor may further extract the framedata of the data frame based on the frame header of the data frame.

According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a system mayinclude at least one storage medium and at least one processorconfigured to communicate with the at least one storage medium. The atleast one storage medium may include a set of instructions fortransmitting data. When the at least one processor executes the set ofinstructions, the at least one processor may be configured to cause thesystem to perform one or more of the following operations. The at leastone processor may be configured to cause the system to generate a dataframe, the data frame may include at least a frame header and framedata, wherein the frame header may include at least one autocorrelationand cross-correlation sequence. The at least one processor may also beconfigured to cause the system to insert the data frame into an area ofa video signal, wherein the inserted area of the video signal is not anarea of line and field synchronization or an area of effective video.The at least one processor may further be configured to cause the systemto transmit the video signal having the data frame to another device.

According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a system mayinclude at least one storage device and at least one processorconfigured to communicate with the at least one storage device. The atleast one storage device may include a set of instructions. Whenexecuting the set of instructions, the at least one processor may beconfigured to cause the system to perform one or more of the followingoperations. The at least one processor may be configured to cause thesystem to obtain a video signal having a data frame. The data frame maybe inserted into an area of the video signal. The data frame may includeat least a frame header and frame data, and the frame header may includeat least one autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence. The atleast one processor may also be configured to cause the system todetermine the frame header of the data frame. The at least one processormay further be configured to cause the system to extract the frame dataof the data frame based on the frame header of the data frame.

According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, anon-transitory computer-readable medium may store a set of instructions.When executed by a processor of a computing device, the set ofinstructions may cause the computing device to perform the followingoperations: generating a data frame, wherein the data frame may includeat least a frame header and frame data, and the frame header may includeat least one autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence; insertingthe data frame into an area of a video signal, wherein the inserted areaof the video signal may be not an area of line and field synchronizationor an area of effective video; and transmitting the video signal havingthe data frame to another device.

According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, anon-transitory computer-readable medium may store a set of instructions.When executed by a processor of a computing device, the set ofinstructions may cause the computing device to perform the followingoperations: obtaining a video signal having a data frame, wherein thedata frame may be inserted into an area of the video signal, the dataframe may include at least a frame header and frame data, and the frameheader may include at least one autocorrelation and cross-correlationsequence; determining the frame header of the data frame; and extractingthe frame data of the data frame based on the frame header of the dataframe.

Additional features will be set forth in part in the description whichfollows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the artupon examination of the following and the accompanying drawings or maybe learned by production or operation of the examples. The features ofthe present disclosure may be realized and attained by practice or useof various aspects of the methodologies, instrumentalities andcombinations set forth in the detailed examples discussed below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure is further described in terms of exemplaryembodiments. These exemplary embodiments are described in detail withreference to the drawings. These embodiments are non-limiting exemplaryembodiments, in which like reference numerals represent similarstructures throughout the several views of the drawings, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system for transmittingdata according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary computing deviceaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary hardware and/orsoftware components of an exemplary mobile device on which the terminalmay be implemented according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary data transmissiondevice according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary data receptiondevice according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary data framegeneration module according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary detection moduleaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary extraction moduleaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for inserting adata frame into an area of a video signal according to some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for extractingframe data of a data frame according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for generatinga data frame according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for detecting aframe header/tail according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for detecting aframe header and calculating a threshold according to some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for extractingframe data of a data frame according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for extractingframe data of a data frame according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process fortransmitting an audio data in a video signal according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for detecting asign of an audio signal frame and calculating a threshold according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary format of a compositevideo broadcast signal (CVBS) according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary format of a blanking lineaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary linear feedback shiftregister (LFSR) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary multilevel basebandmodulation according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of an audiosignal according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of exemplary formats of a blanking lineand an effective line according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In accordance with various implementations, as described in more detailbelow, mechanisms, which can include systems, methods, and media, fordata transmission in a video signal are provided.

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding ofthe relevant disclosure. However, it should be apparent to those skilledin the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without suchdetails. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, systems,components, and/or circuitry have been described at a relativelyhigh-level, without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuringaspects of the present disclosure.

Various modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readilyapparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles definedherein may be applied to other embodiments and applications withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Thus, thepresent disclosure is not limited to the embodiments shown, but to beaccorded the widest scope consistent with the claims.

It will be understood that the term “system,” “unit,” “sub-unit”“module,” and/or “block” used herein are one method to distinguishdifferent components, elements, parts, section or assembly of differentlevel in ascending order. However, the terms may be displaced by otherexpression if they may achieve the same purpose.

It will be understood that when a unit, module or block is referred toas being “on,” “connected to” or “coupled to” another unit, module, orblock, it may be directly on, connected or coupled to the other unit,module, or block, or intervening unit, module, or block may be present,unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the term“and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of theassociated listed items.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularexample embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As usedherein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” may be intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprise,”“comprises,” and/or “comprising,” “include,” “includes,” and/or“including,” when used in this specification, specify the presence ofstated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components,and/or groups thereof.

These and other features, and characteristics of the present disclosure,as well as the methods of operation and functions of the relatedelements of structure and the combination of parts and economies ofmanufacture, may become more apparent upon consideration of thefollowing description with reference to the accompanying drawing(s), allof which form a part of this specification. It is to be expresslyunderstood, however, that the drawing(s) are for the purpose ofillustration and description only and are not intended to limit thescope of the present disclosure.

The flowcharts used in the present disclosure illustrate operations thatsystems implement according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. It is to be expressly understood, the operations of theflowchart may be implemented not in order. Conversely, the operationsmay be implemented in inverted order, or simultaneously. Moreover, oneor more other operations may be added to the flowcharts. One or moreoperations may be removed from the flowcharts.

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to systems and methods fortransmitting data. The systems and methods may generate a data frame,the data frame including at least a frame header and frame data, theframe header including at least one autocorrelation andcross-correlation sequence. The systems and methods may insert the dataframe into an area of a video signal, wherein the inserted area of thevideo signal is not an area of line and field synchronization or an areaof effective video. The systems and methods may transmit the videosignal having the data frame to another device.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to systems and methodsfor extracting data. The systems and methods may obtain a video signalhaving a data frame, wherein the data frame is inserted into an area ofthe video signal, the data frame including at least a frame header andframe data, the frame header including at least one autocorrelation andcross-correlation sequence. The systems and methods may determine theframe header of the data frame. The systems and methods may extract theframe data of the data frame based on the frame header of the dataframe.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system 100 fortransmitting data according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. As illustrated, the data transmission system 100 may includea video device 110, a data transmission device 120, a data receptiondevice 130, a terminal 140, a network 150, a base station 160, a storage170, and/or any other suitable component for transmitting data inaccordance with various embodiments of the disclosure.

The video device 110 may be configured to make one or more videos. Theone or more videos may be videos about a static or moving object. Thevideo may include a video (offline or live streaming), a frame of avideo, or a combination thereof.

The video device 110 may be any suitable device that is capable ofmaking a video. The video device 110 may include a camera, a sensor, avideo recorder, or the like, or any combination thereof. The videodevice 110 may include any suitable type of camera, such as a fixedcamera, a fixed dome camera, a covert camera, a Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ)camera, a thermal camera. The video device 110 may include any suitabletype of sensor, such as an audio sensor, a light sensor, a wind speedsensor, or the like, or a combination thereof.

Data obtained by the video device 110 (e.g., images, audio signals,video signals) may be stored in the storage 170, and/or sent to the datatransmission device 120, the data reception device 130, or theterminal(s) 140 via the network 150.

The data transmission device 120 may be configured to transmit data toanother device, such as the data reception device 130. The data mayinclude a video signal frame, an audio frame, a communication frame, orthe like, or a combination thereof. The data may be captured by thevideo device 110 or retrieved from another source (e.g., the storage170, the terminal(s) 140). The data transmission device 120 may also beconfigured to generate a data frame, such as an audio signal frame. Thedata transmission device 120 may further be configured to insert thedata frame into an area of a signal, such as a video signal.

The data transmission device 120 may further be configured to generate acontrol signal. The control signal may be generated based on a featureof an object, a video of the object, or the like, or a combination. Thecontrol signal may be used to control the video device 110. For example,the data transmission device 120 may generate a control signal to make acamera of the video device 110 to track an object and obtain a video ofthe object.

The data transmission device 120 may be any suitable device that iscapable of transmitting data to another device. For example, the datatransmission device 120 may include a high-performance computerspecializing in data processing or transaction processing, a personalcomputer, a portable device, a server, a microprocessor, an integratedchip, a digital signal processor (DSP), a tablet computer, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), or the like, or a combination thereof. In someembodiments, the data transmission device 120 may be implemented on acomputing device 200 shown in FIG. 2.

The data reception device 130 may be configured to receive data fromanother device, such as the data transmission device 120. The data mayinclude a video signal having a data frame. The data reception device130 may also be configured to detect a frame header of a data frame,such as a sign of an audio signal frame. The data reception device 130may further be configured to extract frame data of the data frame, suchas audio data of the audio signal frame.

The data reception device 130 may be any suitable device that is capableof receiving data from another device. For example, the data receptiondevice 130 may include a high-performance computer specializing in dataprocessing or transaction processing, a personal computer, a portabledevice, a server, a microprocessor, an integrated chip, a digital signalprocessor (DSP), a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA),or the like, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the datareception device 130 may be implemented on a computing device 200 shownin FIG. 2.

The terminal 140 may be connected to or communicate with the datatransmission device 120 or the data reception device 130. The terminal140 may allow one or more operators to control the production and/ordisplay of the data (e.g., the video captured by the video device 110)on a display. The terminal 140 may include an input device, an outputdevice, a control panel, a display (not shown in FIG. 1), or the like,or a combination thereof.

An input device may be a keyboard, a touch screen, a mouse, a remotecontroller, a wearable device, or the like, or a combination thereof.The input device may include alphanumeric and other keys that may beinputted via a keyboard, a touch screen (e.g., with haptics or tactilefeedback), a speech input, an eye tracking input, a brain monitoringsystem, or any other comparable input mechanism. The input informationreceived through the input device may be communicated to the datatransmission device 120 or the data reception device 130 via the network150 for further processing. Another type of the input device may includea cursor control device, such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursordirection keys to communicate direction information and commandselections to, for example, the data transmission device 120 or the datareception device 130 and to control cursor movement on display oranother display device.

A display may be configured to display the data received (e.g., thevideo captured by the video device 110). The information may includedata before and/or after data processing, a request for input orparameter relating to video acquisition and/or processing, or the like,or a combination thereof. The display may include a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED)-based display, a flat paneldisplay or curved screen (or television), a cathode ray tube (CRT), orthe like, or a combination thereof.

The network 150 may facilitate communications between various componentsof the data transmission system 100. The network 150 may be a singlenetwork, or a combination of various networks. The network 150 may be awired network or a wireless network. The wired network may include usinga Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Bluetooth, aZigBee, a Near Field Communication (NFC), or the like, or a combinationthereof. The wireless network may be a Bluetooth, a Near FieldCommunication (NFC), a wireless local area network (WLAN), Wi-Fi, aWireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), or the like, or a combinationthereof. The network 150 may also include various network access points,e.g., wired or wireless access points such as base stations 160 orInternet exchange points through which a data source may connect to thenetwork 150 in order to transmit information via the network 150.

The storage 170 may store data, relevant information or parameters. Thedata may include a video (e.g., a video obtained by the video device110), an audio signal and/or communication data. The relevantinformation may be a sequence, line and field synchronization of a videosignal, an encoding method, a non-uniform quantizing method, or amodulating method. See, for example, FIGS. 11, 12, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21,22 and 23 and the description thereof. Exemplary parameters may includean intrinsic parameter (e.g., a focal length, a lens distortionparameter), an extrinsic parameter (e.g., the pose of a camera, aposition parameter of the camera) of one or more cameras of the videodevice 110. For example, the parameter may include a correlationparameter and one or more thresholds that may be used to determine aframe header of a data frame, as described in FIGS. 13, 15, 17 and thedescription thereof. As another example, the parameter may include anumber that may be used to determine an enable signal for extractingdata as described in FIG. 14 and the description thereof.

It should be noted that the descriptions above in relation to the datatransmission system 100 is provided for the purposes of illustration,and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Forpersons having ordinary skills in the art, various variations andmodifications may be conducted under the guidance of the presentdisclosure. However, those variations and modifications do not departthe scope of the present disclosure. For example, part or all of thevideo data generated by the video device 110, may be processed by theterminal 140. In some embodiments, the video device 110, the datatransmission device 120 and the data reception device 130 may beimplemented in one single device configured to perform the functions ofthe video device 110, the data transmission device 120 and the datareception device 130 described in this disclosure. In some embodiments,the data transmission device 120 may be combined with or part of thedata reception device 130 as a single device. In some embodiments, theterminal 140, and the storage 170 may be combined with or part of thedata transmission device 120 and the data reception device 130 as asingle device. Similar modifications should fall within the scope of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary hardware andsoftware components of a computing device 200 on which the video device110, the data transmission device 120, the data reception device 130,and/or the terminal 140 may be implemented according to some embodimentsof the present disclosure. For example, the data transmission device 120may be implemented on the computing device 200 and configured to performfunctions of the data transmission device 120 disclosed in thisdisclosure.

The computing device 200 may be a general-purpose computer or aspecial-purpose computer; both may be used to implement a datatransmission system for the present disclosure. The computing device 200may be used to implement any component of the data transmission asdescribed herein. For example, the data transmission device 120 may beimplemented on the computing device 200, via its hardware, softwareprogram, firmware, or a combination thereof. Although only one suchcomputer is shown, for convenience, the computer functions relating tothe on-demand service as described herein may be implemented in adistributed fashion on a number of similar platforms, to distribute theprocessing load.

The computing device 200, for example, may include COM ports 250connected to and from a network connected thereto to facilitate datacommunications. The computing device 200 may also include a centralprocessing unit (CPU) 220, in the form of one or more processors, forexecuting program instructions. The exemplary computer platform mayinclude an internal communication bus 210, program storage and datastorage of different forms, for example, a disk 270, and a read onlymemory (ROM) 230, or a random access memory (RAM) 240, for various datafiles to be processed and/or transmitted by the computer. The exemplarycomputer platform may also include program instructions stored in theROM 230, RAM 240, and/or any other type of non-transitory storage mediumto be executed by the CPU 220. The methods and/or processes of thepresent disclosure may be implemented as the program instructions. Thecomputing device 200 also includes an I/O component 260, supportinginput/output between the computer and other components therein. Thecomputing device 200 may also receive programming and data via networkcommunications.

Merely for illustration, only one CPU and/or processor is illustrated inthe computing device 200. However, it should be noted that the computingdevice 200 in the present disclosure may also include multiple CPUsand/or processors, thus operations and/or method steps that areperformed by one CPU and/or processor as described in the presentdisclosure may also be jointly or separately performed by the multipleCPUs and/or processors. For example, if in the present disclosure theCPU and/or processor of the computing device 200 executes both step Aand step B, it should be understood that step A and step B may also beperformed by two different CPUs and/or processors jointly or separatelyin the computing device 200 (e.g., the first processor executes step Aand the second processor executes step B, or the first and secondprocessors jointly execute steps A and B).

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary hardware and/orsoftware components of an exemplary mobile device 300 on which theterminal 140 may be implemented according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the mobile device 300 mayinclude a communication platform 310, a display 320, a graphicprocessing unit (GPU) 330, a central processing unit (CPU) 340, an I/O350, a memory 360, and a storage 390. In some embodiments, any othersuitable component, including but not limited to a system bus or acontroller (not shown), may also be included in the mobile device 300.In some embodiments, a mobile operating system 370 (e.g., iOS™, Android™Windows Phone™) and one or more applications 380 may be loaded into thememory 360 from the storage 390 in order to be executed by the CPU 340.The applications 380 may include a browser or any other suitable mobileapps for receiving and rendering information relating to transmittingdata in a video signal or other information from, for example, the datatransmission device 120. User interactions with the information streammay be achieved via the I/O 350 and provided to the data transmissiondevice 120 and/or other components of the data transmission system 100via the network 150.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary data transmissiondevice 120 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Thedata transmission device 120 may include a data frame generation module410, an insertion module 420, and a transmission module 430.

The data frame generation module 410 may be configured to generate oneor more data frames. The data frame generation module 410 may generate acommunication frame, an audio data frame, or the like, or anycombination thereof. The data frame generation module 410 may generate aframe header, frame data, and a frame tail respectively. In someembodiments, the data frame generation module 410 may generate the frameheader or the frame tail based on one or more sequences (e.g., aPseudo-Noise (PN) sequence or a Gold sequence). For example, the PNsequence may be generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR)which is constructed according to a corresponding primitive polynomial.The data frame generation module 410 may generate the frame header byusing at least one PN sequence. In some embodiments, the frame tail maybe generated in a same way as the frame header. In some embodiments, thedata frame generation module 410 may encode the frame data according toan encoding method (e.g., a spread spectrum coding method or a channelcoding method).

The insertion module 420 may be configured to insert the data frame intoan area of a video signal. The insertion module 420 may insert the dataframe into the area beyond the area of line and field synchronizationand the effective area of the video. For example, the insertion module420 may insert the data frame into the area between an end of a colorsynchronization of a video active line and a cut-off point of a lineblanking area, the area between an end of the color synchronization of ablanking line and the cut-off point of a line blanking area, or theeffective area of a blanking line, or the like, or any combinationthereof.

The transmission module 430 may be configured to transmit the videosignal having the data frame to another device. In some embodiments, thetransmission module 430 may transmit the video signal having the dataframe to a receiving device via the network 150. For example, thetransmission module 430 may transmit the video signal having the dataframe to the data reception device 130 for further processing. Asanother example, the transmission module 430 may transmit the videosignal having the data frame to a terminal (e.g., the terminal(s) 140).

The transmission module 430 may further convert the video signal havingthe data frame to an analog signal by a digital to analog converter(DAC). In the transition of DAC, the sampling point(s) (N_(d)) of onesymbol period in the frame header, the frame data, or the frame tail ismore than or equal to 1.

The modules in the data transmission device 120 may be connected to orcommunicate with each other via a wired connection or a wirelessconnection. The wired connection may include a metal cable, an opticalcable, a hybrid cable, or the like, or any combination thereof. Thewireless connection may include a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide AreaNetwork (WAN), a Bluetooth, a ZigBee, a Near Field Communication (NFC),or the like, or any combination thereof. Two or more of the modules maybe combined as a single module, and any one of the modules may bedivided into two or more units. For example, the transmission module 430may be integrated into the insertion module 420 as a single module whichmay both insert the data frame into an area of the video signal andtransmit the video signal having the data frame to another device. Asanother example, the data transmission device 120 may include a storagemodule (not shown in FIG. 4) which may be configured to store the dataframe, the video signal and/or the video signal having the data frame.As a further example, the transmission module 430 may transmit the dataframe, the video signal to another device.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary data receptiondevice 130 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Thedata reception device 130 may include an acquisition module 510, adetection module 520, and an extraction module 530.

The acquisition module 510 may be configured to obtain one or more videosignals having a data frame. The acquisition module 510 may obtain thevideo signal having the data frame from another device (e.g., the datatransmission device 120) via the network 150. The acquisition module 510may retrieve the video signal having the data frame from another source(e.g., the storage 170, the terminal(s) 140). The acquisition module 510may analyze the video signal having the data frame and determineinformation related to the video signal having the data frame (e.g., anarea where the data frame is inserted into the video signal).

The acquisition module 510 may further obtain relevant informationassociated with the video signal. For example, the acquisition module510 may obtain format information about the video signal.

The acquisition module 510 may further convert the video signal havingthe data frame to a digital signal by an analog to digital converter(ADC). In the transition of ADC, the sampling point(s) (N_(a)) of onesymbol period in the frame header, the frame data, or the frame tail ismore than or equal to 1. For the video signal with a fixed format, theproportional relation between N_(d) and N_(a) is unique.

The detection module 520 may be configured to detect a frame header ofthe data frame. In some embodiments, the detection module 520 mayperform an operation between a known autocorrelation andcross-correlation sequence and the video signal having the data frameand determine a correlation parameter during the operation. Thedetection module 520 may determine whether the frame header of the dataframe is detected based on a comparison between the correlationparameter and a threshold and/or a number threshold.

The detection module 520 may also be configured to detect a frame tailof the data frame. In some embodiments, the frame tail may be detectedin a same way as the frame header.

The extraction module 530 may be configured to extract frame data of thedata frame. The extraction module 530 may extract the frame data of thedata frame after the frame header of the data frame is detected. In someembodiments, for the frame data not been encoded, the extraction module530 may extract the frame data based on a hard decision decoding. Insome embodiments, for the frame data have been encoded according to anencoding method, the extraction module 530 may decode the frame dataaccording to a corresponding decoding method. For example, when theencoding method is a spread spectrum coding method, the extractionmodule 530 may extract the frame data by despreading the frame data. Asanother example, when the encoding method is a channel coding method(e.g., a Gray code encoding method), the extraction module 530 mayextract the frame data by decoding the frame data with the channelcoding method.

The extraction module 530 may be further configured to send the framedata of the data frame to some modules for further processing. Forexample, the extraction module 530 may sent the frame data of the dataframe to a CPU (e.g., the CPU 220 of the computing device 200).

The modules in the data reception device 130 may be connected to orcommunicate with each other via a wired connection or a wirelessconnection. The wired connection may include a metal cable, an opticalcable, a hybrid cable, or the like, or any combination thereof. Thewireless connection may include a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide AreaNetwork (WAN), a Bluetooth, a ZigBee, a Near Field Communication (NFC),or the like, or any combination thereof. Two or more of the modules maybe combined as a single module, and any one of the modules may bedivided into two or more units. For example, the acquisition module 510may be integrated into the detection module 520 as a single module whichmay both obtain the video signal having the data frame and detect theframe header of the data frame. As another example, the data receptiondevice 130 may include a storage module (not shown in FIG. 5) which maybe configured to store the data frame, the video signal and/or the videosignal having the data frame.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary data framegeneration module 410 according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. The data frame generation module 410 may include a sequencegeneration unit 610 and a processing unit 620.

The sequence generation unit 610 may be configured to generate one ormore sequences. In some embodiments, the sequence generation unit 610may be a linear feedback shift register (LFSR). For example, the linearfeedback shift register (LFSR) which is constructed according to acorresponding primitive polynomial may generate one or more PNsequences.

The processing unit 620 may be configured to process frame data. In someembodiments, the processing unit 620 may encode the frame data accordingto an encoding method. For example, the processing unit 620 may encodethe frame data according to a spread spectrum coding method, a channelcoding method, or the like, or any combination thereof.

The units in the data frame generation 410 may be connected to orcommunicate with each other via a wired connection or a wirelessconnection. The wired connection may include a metal cable, an opticalcable, a hybrid cable, or the like, or any combination thereof. Thewireless connection may include a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide AreaNetwork (WAN), a Bluetooth, a ZigBee, a Near Field Communication (NFC),or the like, or any combination thereof. Two or more of the units may becombined as a single unit, and any one of the units may be divided intotwo or more sub-units. For example, the processing unit 620 may beintegrated into sequence generation unit 610 as a single unit which mayboth generate the sequence and process the frame data. As anotherexample, the data frame generation 410 may include a storage unit (notshown in FIG. 6) which may be configured to store the sequences, theframe data and/or the encoding methods.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary detection module 520according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The detectionmodule 520 may include a preprocessing unit 710, an operation unit 720,and a determination unit 730.

The preprocessing unit 710 may be configured to preprocess a videosignal having a data frame. In some embodiments, the preprocessing unit710 may estimate format of the video signal having the data frame anddetermine line and field synchronization information of the video signalhaving the data frame.

The operation unit 720 may be configured to perform a correlationoperation. In some embodiments, the operation unit 720 may perform theoperation between a known sequence and the video signal having the dataframe.

The determination unit 730 may be configured to determine someinformation about the video signal having the data frame. In someembodiments, the determination unit 730 may determine one or morecorrelation parameters while performing the correlation operation basedon the known sequence and the video signal having the data frame. Insome embodiments, the determination unit 730 may determine whether thecorrelation parameters exceed a threshold. In some embodiments, thedetermination unit 730 may determine an effective window includingoccurrences that the correlation parameters exceed the threshold exceedsa number threshold. In some embodiments, the determination unit 730 maydetermine whether a frame header of the data frame is detected. Forexample, the determination unit 730 may determine the frame header ofthe data frame is detected based on the determination that the effectivewindow has been determined. As another example, the determination unit730 may determine no frame header of the data frame is detected based onthe determination that the correlation parameter is less than or equalto the threshold. As still another example, the determination unit 730may determine no frame header of the data frame is detected based on thedetermination that the effective window has been determined. In someembodiments, the determination unit 730 may determine a peak value ofthe correlation parameters. In some embodiments, the determination unit730 may determine a value for extracting frame data based on the peakvalue of the correlation parameters.

The units in the detection module 520 may be connected to or communicatewith each other via a wired connection or a wireless connection. Thewired connection may include a metal cable, an optical cable, a hybridcable, or the like, or any combination thereof. The wireless connectionmay include a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), aBluetooth, a ZigBee, a Near Field Communication (NFC), or the like, orany combination thereof. Two or more of the units may be combined as asingle unit, and any one of the units may be divided into two or moresub-units. For example, the operation unit 720 may be integrated intothe determination unit 730 as a single unit which may both perform theoperation and determine the information about the video signal havingthe data frame. As another example, the detection module 520 may includea storage unit (not shown in FIG. 7) which may be configured to storethe video signal having the data frame, the correlation parameters, thethreshold and/or the number threshold.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary extraction module530 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Theextraction module 530 may include a counter 810, a determination unit820, an assignment unit 830, and a decoding unit 840.

The counter 810 may be configured to count a number (N₁). The countingrange of the counter 810 may be 1 to N₂.

The determination unit 820 may be configured to determine informationabout frame data. In some embodiments, the determination unit 820 maydetermine whether N₂/2−K₁≤N₁≤N₂/2+K₂. In some embodiments, thedetermination unit 820 may determine an enable signal for extracting theframe data. In some embodiments, the determination unit 820 maydetermine whether a correlation parameter exceeds a positive threshold.In some embodiments, the determination unit 820 may determine whetherthe correlation parameter exceeds a negative threshold when thecorrelation parameter is less than or equal to the positive threshold.

The assignment unit 830 may be configured to assign a value to the framedata. In some embodiments, the assignment unit 830 may be configured toassign a first value (e.g., 0) to the frame data based on thedetermination that the correlation parameter is less than or equal tothe negative threshold. In some embodiments, the assignment unit 830 maybe configured to assign a second value (e.g., 1) to the frame data basedon the determination that the correlation parameter exceeds the positivethreshold.

The decoding unit 840 may be configured to decode the frame data. Insome embodiments, for the frame data have been encoded according to anencoding method, the decoding unit 840 may decode the frame dataaccording to a corresponding decoding method. For example, when theencoding method is a spread spectrum coding method, the decoding unit840 may extract the frame data by despreading the frame data. As anotherexample, when the encoding method is a channel coding method (e.g., aGray code encoding method), the decoding unit 840 may extract the framedata by decoding the channel coding.

The units in the extraction module 530 may be connected to orcommunicate with each other via a wired connection or a wirelessconnection. The wired connection may include a metal cable, an opticalcable, a hybrid cable, or the like, or any combination thereof. Thewireless connection may include a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide AreaNetwork (WAN), a Bluetooth, a ZigBee, a Near Field Communication (NFC),or the like, or any combination thereof. Two or more of the units may becombined as a single unit, and any one of the units may be divided intotwo or more sub-units. For example, the assignment unit 830 may beintegrated into determination unit 820 as a single unit which may bothdetermine the information about the frame data and assign the value tothe frame data. As another example, the extraction module 530 mayinclude a storage unit (not shown in FIG. 8) which may be configured tostore the frame data, the number, the enable signal, the correlationparameter, the positive threshold and/or the negative threshold.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 900 forinserting a data frame into an area of a video signal according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. The process 900 may be executedby the data transmission device 120 as exemplified in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4and the description thereof. For example, the process 900 may beimplemented as a set of instructions (e.g., an application) stored inthe storage ROM 230 or RAM 240. The CPU 220 may execute the set ofinstructions and may accordingly be directed to perform the process 900.The operations of the illustrated process presented below are intendedto be illustrative. In some embodiments, the process may be accomplishedwith one or more additional operations not described, and/or without oneor more of the operations discussed. Additionally, the order in whichthe operations of the process as illustrated in FIG. 9 and describedbelow is not intended to be limiting.

In 902, a data frame including at least a frame header and frame datamay be generated. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 902 maybe performed by the data frame generation module 410. In someembodiments, the data frame including at least the frame header and theframe data may be generated based on one or more sequences and data asexemplified in FIG. 11. In some embodiments, the data frame is not avideo frame. The data frame may include a communication frame, an audiosignal frame, or the like, or any combination thereof. In someembodiments, the data frame may include the frame header and the framedata. Alternatively, the data frame may include the frame header, theframe data, and a frame tail. The frame header may include at least oneautocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence. The autocorrelation andcross-correlation sequence may be a Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequence or a Goldsequence. The PN sequence may be generated by a linear feedback shiftregister (LFSR) according to a corresponding primitive polynomial. Theframe tail may include at least one autocorrelation andcross-correlation sequence. In some embodiments, the frame tail has thesame autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence as the frame header.

In some embodiments, the frame data is not video data. The frame datamay include communication data, audio data, or the like, or anycombination thereof. In some embodiments, the frame data may not beencoded. In some embodiments, the frame data may be encoded according toan encoding method, such as a spread spectrum coding method or a channelcoding method. Encoding the frame data may improve the reliability ofdata transmission and reduce the error rate of receiving the frame dataif the transmission line is long and the transmission condition is poor.

In 904, the data frame may be inserted into an area of a video signal.In some embodiments, one or more operations of 904 may be performed bythe insertion module 420.

In some embodiments, the data frame may be inserted into an area of thevideo signal (or referred to as the inserted area) that is not an areaof line and field synchronization or an area of effective video. Forexample, the inserted area may be the blanking line of a composite videobroadcast signal (CVBS) shown in FIG. 18. The inserted area of the videosignal may be an area between an end of a color synchronization of avideo active line and a cut-off point of a line blanking area, an areabetween an end of the color synchronization of a blanking line and thecut-off point of a line blanking area, or an effective area of ablanking line, or the like, or any combination thereof. The blankingline may include an effective area and a blanking area shown in FIG. 19.

In 906, the video signal having the data frame may be transmitted toanother device. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 906 maybe performed by the transmission module 430. In some embodiments, thevideo signal having the data frame may be transmitted to a receivingdevice, such as the data reception device 130.

It should be noted that the above description is merely provided for thepurposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art,multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings ofthe present disclosure. However, those variations and modifications donot depart from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, one ormore other optional steps (e.g., steps for storing the generated dataframe and/or the video signal with the data frame inserted) may be addedsomewhere in the exemplary process 900.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 1000 forextracting frame data of a data frame according to some embodiments ofthe present disclosure. The process 1000 may be executed by the datareception device 130. For example, the process 1000 may be implementedas a set of instructions (e.g., an application) stored in the storageROM 230 or RAM 240. The CPU 220 may execute the set of instructions andmay accordingly be directed to perform the process 1000. The operationsof the illustrated process presented below are intended to beillustrative. In some embodiments, the process may be accomplished withone or more additional operations not described, and/or without one ormore of the operations discussed. Additionally, the order in which theoperations of the process as illustrated in FIG. 10 and described belowis not intended to be limiting.

In 1002, a video signal having a data frame may be obtained. In someembodiments, one or more operations of 1002 may be performed by theacquisition module 510. The video signal having the data frame may beobtained from the data transmission device 120 or retrieved from anothersource (e.g., the storage 170, the terminal(s) 140). The data frame maybe the data frame described elsewhere in this disclosure (e.g., thedescriptions related to step 902 of the process 900).

In 1004, a frame header of the data frame may be determined. In someembodiments, one or more operations of 1004 may be performed by thedetection module 520. In some embodiments, the frame header may bedetermined based on a correlation parameter, a threshold, and a numberthreshold as exemplified in FIGS. 12 and 13. An operation based on aknown autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence and the videosignal may be performed. For example, the correlation parameter may bedetermined during the operation. The correlation parameter may reach apeak value while the known sequence aligns with the sequence of the dataframe. If the detection module 520 determines that the referenceparameter exceeds the threshold, it may further determine that the frameheader of the data frame is detected upon the occurrence of a condition.For example, if the detection module 520 determines that the occurrencesthat the correlation parameter exceeds the threshold exceed the numberthreshold, it may determine that the frame header of the data frame isdetected.

It should be noted that a jump point representing from an invalid dataframe to a valid data frame may not correspond to an ideal point ofsampling the frame data. The ideal point of sampling the frame data maybe the correlation parameter having the peak value. In the process ofactual processing, the data frame may be fine-tuned according to arelationship between the jump point and the ideal point.

In 1006, the frame data of the data frame may be extracted based on theframe header of the data frame. In some embodiments, one or moreoperations of 1006 may be performed by the extraction module 530. Theframe header of the data frame may be a start point of the data frame.The frame data of the data frame may be extracted after the frame headerof the data frame is detected. In some embodiments, the frame data ofthe data frame may be sent to another module (e.g., a CPU) for furtherprocessing.

In some embodiments, the frame data of the data frame may be encoded theframe data according to an encoding method (i.e., as shown in 902). Inresponse to the encoded frame data, the extraction module 530 mayextract the frame data after the frame data are decoded according to thedecoding method. For example, the frame data may be extracted bydispreading the frame data with a spread spectrum coding method.Dispreading the frame data may improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR)of the frame data and reduce the error rate of the frame data. Asanother example, the frame data may be extracted by decoding the framedata according to the channel coding with a channel coding method. Thechannel coding may increase the reliability of communication. Thechannel coding may detect and correct the errors in the received bitstream by adding some redundant bits, and with the redundant bits,information may be carried by more bits.

In the process of demodulation and decoding, the decoding method mayinclude hard decision decoding and soft decision decoding. Upon usingthe same algorithm, the hard decision decoding may be simpler and easierto implement. However, with the hard decision, the coding gain of 2-3 dBmay be lost. Especially when the original bit error rate is very high,the soft decision decoding may be much better than the hard decisiondecoding. The soft decision decoding may be better than the harddecision decoding in performance.

In some embodiments, the frame data of the data frame may not be encodedand the frame data may be extracted by the hard decision decoding.

It should be noted that the above description is merely provided for thepurposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art,multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings ofthe present disclosure. However, those variations and modifications donot depart from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, one ormore other optional steps (e.g., a storing step) may be added elsewherein the exemplary process 1000. Modulation recognition and line and fieldsynchronization of the video signal having the data frame may beperformed after the step 1002. As another example, a frame tail of thedata frame may be determined after the step 1006. The frame tail mayhave the same content as the frame header. The data reception device 130may receive a next data frame while the frame tail of the data frame isdetermined or number of extracting the frame data of the data framereaches a set number.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 1100 forgenerating a data frame according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. The process 1100 may be executed by the data framegeneration module 410. For example, the process 1100 may be implementedas a set of instructions (e.g., an application) stored in the storageROM 230 or RAM 240. The CPU 220 may execute the set of instructions andmay accordingly be directed to perform the process 1100. The operationsof the illustrated process presented below are intended to beillustrative. In some embodiments, the process may be accomplished withone or more additional operations not described, and/or without one ormore of the operations discussed. Additionally, the order in which theoperations of the process as illustrated in FIG. 11 and described belowis not intended to be limiting. In some embodiments, step 902illustrated in process 900 may be performed according to process 1100.

In 1102, a frame header based on a first sequence may be determined. Insome embodiments, one or more operations of 1102 may be performed by thesequence generation unit 610.

The first sequence may be a PN sequence, such as a PN sequence with m₁stage. For example, the frame header may be L₁ (L₁≥1) PN sequence(s)with m₁ stage (m₁≥3). The PN sequence may be generated by a linearfeedback shift register (LFSR) which is constructed according to acorresponding primitive polynomial. The corresponding primitivepolynomial may be expressed as formula (1) shown below:

g(x)=x ⁵ +x ²+1  (1)

where g(x) may denote the corresponding primitive polynomial.

The linear feedback shift register (LFSR) may be constructed accordingto the corresponding primitive polynomial. The linear feedback shiftregister (LFSR) may generate a sequence with a length of n. The lengthof the sequence may be determined according to formula (2) shown below:

n=2^(m) ¹ −1  (2)

where n may denote the length of the sequence; m₁ may denote the stageof the sequence of the frame header.

Taking m₁=5 for example, a schematic diagram of the linear feedbackshift register (LFSR) which is constructed according to thecorresponding primitive polynomial may be shown in FIG. 20. The sequencewith the length of 31 may be generated by the linear feedback shiftregister (LFSR).

In 1104, frame data may be encoded. In some embodiments, one or moreoperations of 1104 may be performed by the processing unit 620.

The encoding method may be a spread spectrum coding method, a channelcoding method, or the like, or any combination thereof. For example, theframe data may be spread spectrum coded according to the sequence withthe stage of m₃. The frequency spectrum of the spread spectrum framedata may be spread in the frequency domain. The corresponding spreadspectrum gain may be determined according to formula (3) shown below:

G=10 log₁₀(2^(m) ³ −1)  (3)

where G may refer to the corresponding spread spectrum gain; m₃ maydenote the stage of the sequence used to spread spectrum process theframe data.

As another example, the frame data may be processed according to thechannel coding method. The check bits may be superpose based on theinformation bit. The redundant information may be used to correct thebit error in the information bit. Different channel coding methods mayhave different coding gains. In general, the more the redundantinformation is, the bigger the coding gain is.

In 1106, a frame tail based on a second sequence may be determined. Insome embodiments, one or more operations of 1104 may be performed by thesequence generation unit 610.

The second sequence may be a PN sequence, such as a PN sequence with m₂stage. For example, the frame tail may be L₂ (L₂≥1) PN sequence(s) withm₂ stage (m₂≥3). In some embodiments, the generation of the frame tailmay be the same as the frame header.

In 1108, a data frame including the frame header, the frame data, andthe frame tail may be generated. In some embodiments, the data frame mayinclude the frame header, the frame data, and the frame tail.Alternatively, the data frame may include the frame header and the framedata.

It should be noted that the above description is merely provided for thepurposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art,multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings ofthe present disclosure. However, those variations and modifications donot depart from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, one ormore other optional steps (e.g., steps for storing the data frame and/orsequences) may be added somewhere in the exemplary process 1100. Asanother example, the frame data may not be encoded in 1104. As stillanother example, a data frame including the frame header and the framedata may be generated in 1108.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for detecting aframe header/tail according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. The process 1200 may be executed by the detection module520. For example, the process 1000 may be implemented as a set ofinstructions (e.g., an application) stored in the storage ROM 230 or RAM240. The CPU 220 may execute the set of instructions and may accordinglybe directed to perform the process 1200. The operations of theillustrated process presented below are intended to be illustrative. Insome embodiments, the process may be accomplished with one or moreadditional operations not described, and/or without one or more of theoperations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations ofthe process as illustrated in FIG. 12 and described below is notintended to be limiting. In some embodiments, step 1004 illustrated inprocess 1000 may be performed according to process 1200.

In 1202, a video signal having a data frame may be received. The videosignal having the data frame may be obtained from the data transmissiondevice 120 or retrieved from another source (e.g., the storage 170, theterminal(s) 140). The data frame may be the data frame describedelsewhere in this disclosure (e.g., the descriptions related to step 902of the process 900).

In 1204, the video signal having the data frame may be preprocessed. Insome embodiments, one or more operations of 1204 may be performed by thepreprocessing unit 710.

The video signal (i.e., a simulation standard video signal, a simulationHD video signal) may include line and field synchronization information.The line and field synchronization information of the video signals withdifferent formats may be different. The line and field synchronizationinformation of the video signal with a known format may be known. Insome embodiments, the format of the video signal having the data framemay be estimated, and the line and field synchronization information ofthe video signal having the data frame may be determined.

In 1206, a frame header of the data frame may be detected. In someembodiments, one or more operations of 1206 may be performed by theoperation unit 720 and/or the determination unit 730.

In some embodiments, the frame header of the data frame may be detectedbased on a correlation parameter, a threshold, and a number threshold asexemplified in FIG. 13. A method of detecting the frame header of thedata frame may be the method of detecting the frame header of the dataframe described elsewhere in this disclosure (e.g., the descriptionsrelated to step 1004 of the process 1000 and the process 1300).

In 1208, a frame tail of the data frame may be detected. In someembodiments, one or more operations of 1208 may be performed by theoperation unit 720 and/or the determination unit 730.

In some embodiments, a method of detecting the frame tail of the dataframe may be the same as the method of detecting the frame header of thedata frame.

It should be noted that the above description is merely provided for thepurposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art,multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings ofthe present disclosure. However, those variations and modifications donot depart from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, one ormore other optional steps (e.g., steps for storing the video signalhaving the data frame and/or the line and field synchronizationinformation of the video signal) may be added somewhere in the exemplaryprocess 1200. As another example, step 1208 may be omitted while thedata frame includes the frame header and the frame data.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for detecting aframe header and calculating a decision threshold according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. The process 1300 may be executedby the operation unit 720 and/or the determination unit 730. Forexample, the process 1300 may be implemented as a set of instructions(e.g., an application) stored in the storage ROM 230 or RAM 240. The CPU220 may execute the set of instructions and may accordingly be directedto perform the process 1300. The operations of the illustrated processpresented below are intended to be illustrative. In some embodiments,the process may be accomplished with one or more additional operationsnot described, and/or without one or more of the operations discussed.Additionally, the order in which the operations of the process asillustrated in FIG. 13 and described below is not intended to belimiting. In some embodiments, step 1206 illustrated in process 1200 maybe performed according to process 1300.

In 1302, a correlation operation based on a known sequence and a videosignal having a data frame may be performed. In some embodiments, one ormore operations of 1302 may be performed by the operation unit 720. Theknown sequence may be an autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence.

In 1304, a correlation parameter may be determined. A correlationparameter may be generated based on a correlation operation with aneffective window, and the correlation parameter may represent similaritybetween part of the known sequence and part of the data frame within theeffective window. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1304may be performed by the determination unit 730. The correlationparameter may be determined while performing the operation based on theknown sequence and the video signal having the data frame. In someembodiments, one or more correlation parameters may be determined withsliding the effective window along the known sequence or the data frame.With each sliding the effective window along the known sequence or thedata frame, a different correlation parameter may be generated.

In 1306, whether the correlation parameter exceeds a threshold may bedetermined. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1306 may beperformed by the determination unit 730. The threshold may be defaultsettings of the data transmission system 100, or may be adjustable basedon an instruction from a user.

In response to the determination that the correlation parameter exceedsthe threshold, the determination unit 730 may perform step 1308. In1308, an effective window including occurrences that the correlationparameter exceeds the threshold exceed a number threshold may bedetermined. The number threshold may be default settings of the datatransmission system 100 or may be adjustable based on an instructionfrom a user. The effective window may be generated based on thedetermination that the occurrences that the correlation parameterexceeds the threshold exceed the number threshold.

In 1310, a frame header of the data frame may be detected. The frameheader of the data frame may be detected based on the determination thatthe effective window including the occurrences that the correlationparameters exceeds the threshold exceeds the number threshold isdetermined.

In 1312, a peak value of the correlation parameters may be searched. Insome embodiments, the peak value of the correlation parameters may be amaximum of the correlation parameters. In some embodiments, the peakvalue of the correlation parameters may be searched in the effectivewindow.

In some embodiments, the peak value of the correlation parameters may bedetermined according to formula (4) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{y_{1} = \frac{A \times 2^{m_{1} - 1}}{2^{m_{1}} - 1}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

where y₁ may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters,wherein data 1 and data 0 are represented by 1 and 0 respectively; A maydenote amplitude of data 1 of the data frame; and m₁ may denote thestage of the sequence of the frame header.

Alternatively, the peak value of the correlation parameters may bedetermined according to formula (5) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{y_{2} = \frac{{A \times 2^{m_{1} - 1}} - {B \times \left( {2^{m_{1} - 1} - 1} \right)}}{2^{m_{1}} - 1}} & (5)\end{matrix}$

where y₂ may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters,wherein data 1 and data 0 are represented by 1 and −1 respectively; Amay denote the amplitude of data 1 of the data frame; B may denote theamplitude of data 0 of the data frame (B usually is equal to theamplitude of a blanking level); and m₁ may denote the stage of thesequence of the frame header.

For m₁ is large enough, y₂ is approximately equal to

$\frac{A - B}{2},$

which is the amplitude of the blanking level.

In some embodiments, the peak value of the correlation parameters

or

may be searched. The amplitude of data 1 of the data frame may bedetermined according to formula (6) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{\hat{A} = \frac{\times \left( {2^{m_{1}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{1} - 1}}} & (6)\end{matrix}$

where Â may denote the amplitude of data 1 of the data frame,

may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters, wherein data 1and data 0 are represented by 1 and 0 respectively; and m₁ may denotethe stage of the sequence of the frame header.

The amplitude of data 0 of the data frame may be determined according toformula (7) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{\hat{B} = \frac{( - ) \times \left( {2^{m_{1}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{1} - 1} - 1}} & (7)\end{matrix}$

where {circumflex over (B)} may denote the amplitude of data 0 of thedata frame,

may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters, wherein data 1and data 0 are represented by 1 and 0 respectively; where

may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters, wherein data 1and data 0 are represented by 1 and −1 respectively; and m₁ may denotethe stage of the sequence of the frame header.

In 1314, a value of extracting frame data based on the peak value of thecorrelation parameters may be determined. The value of extracting theframe data may represent a start point of extracting the frame data. Insome embodiments, the peak value of the correlation parameters may bethe value of extracting the frame data. In some embodiments, the valueof extracting the frame data may be the decision threshold. The decisionthreshold may be determined according to formula (8) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{C = {\frac{\hat{A} + \hat{B}}{2} = {\frac{\times \left( {2^{m_{1}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{1}}} + \frac{( - ) \times \left( {2^{m_{1}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{1}} - 2}}}} & (8)\end{matrix}$

where C may denote the decision threshold;

may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters, wherein data 1and data 0 are represented by 1 and 0 respectively; where

may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters, data 1 and data0 are represented 1 and −1 respectively; and m₁ may denote the stage ofthe sequence of the frame header. If m₁ is large enough, C may beapproximately equal to 2

−

.

In response to the determination that the correlation parameter is lessthan or equal to the threshold, step 1316 may be executed. In 1316, thedetermination unit 730 may determine that no frame header of the dataframe is detected.

It should be noted that the above description is merely provided for thepurposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art,multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings ofthe present disclosure. However, those variations and modifications donot depart from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, one ormore other optional steps (e.g., steps for storing the correlationparameters and/or the value of extracting the frame data) may be addedelsewhere in the exemplary process 1300. As another example, if thedetermination unit 730 determines that the correlation parameter exceedsthe threshold in 1306, it may further determine that the frame header ofthe data frame is detected upon the occurrence of a condition.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for extractingframe data of a data frame according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. The process 1400 may be executed by the extraction module530. For example, the process 1400 may be implemented as a set ofinstructions (e.g., an application) stored in the storage ROM 230 or RAM240. The CPU 220 may execute the set of instructions and may accordinglybe directed to perform the process 1400. The operations of theillustrated process presented below are intended to be illustrative. Insome embodiments, the process may be accomplished with one or moreadditional operations not described, and/or without one or more of theoperations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations ofthe process as illustrated in FIG. 14 and described below is notintended to be limiting. In some embodiments, step 1006 illustrated inprocess 1000 may be performed according to process 1400.

In 1402, a result that a frame header of a data frame has been detectedmay be obtained.

In 1404, a number (N₁) may be counted. In some embodiments, one or moreoperations of 1404 may be performed by the counter 810.

The counter 810 may be open after the frame header of the data frame isdetected. The counting range of the counter may be 1 to N₂. The numberN₂ may be default settings of the data transmission system 100, or maybe adjustable based on an instruction from a user.

In 1406, whether N₂/2−K₁≤N₁≤N₂/2+K₂ may be determined. In someembodiments, one or more operations of 1406 may be performed by thedetermination unit 820.

In response to the determination that the number N₁ is in the range ofN₂/2−K₁ to N₂/2+K₂, step 1408 may be executed. The numbers K₁ and K₂ maybe default settings of the data transmission system 100, or may beadjustable based on an instruction from a user. In some embodiments, K₁and K₂ may be constants, such as nonnegative integers. In 1408, anenable signal of extracting frame data may be determined. In someembodiments, one or more operations of 1408 may be performed by thedetermination unit 820. The enable signal may prompt that the frame dataof the data frame be extracted on this occasion. The frame data of thedata frame may be extracted while the number N₁ is in the range ofN₂/2−K₁ to N₂/2+K₂.

In 1410, the frame data of the data frame may be extracted. In someembodiments, the frame data of the data frame may be sent to anothermodule (e.g., a CPU) for further processing.

It should be noted that the above description is merely provided for thepurposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art,multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings ofthe present disclosure. However, those variations and modifications donot depart from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, one ormore other optional steps (e.g., steps for storing the frame data and/orthe enable signal of extracting the frame data) may be added somewherein the exemplary process 1400. As another example, the enable signal ofextracting frame data may be determined while N₁=N₂/2 in 1406.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for extractingframe data of a data frame according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. The process 1500 may be executed by the extraction module530. For example, the process 1500 may be implemented as a set ofinstructions (e.g., an application) stored in the storage ROM 230 or RAM240. The CPU 220 may execute the set of instructions and may accordinglybe directed to perform the process 1500. The operations of theillustrated process presented below are intended to be illustrative. Insome embodiments, the process may be accomplished with one or moreadditional operations not described, and/or without one or more of theoperations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations ofthe process as illustrated in FIG. 15 and described below is notintended to be limiting. In some embodiments, step 1006 illustrated inprocess 1000 may be performed according to process 1500.

In 1502, a result that a frame header of a data frame has been detectedmay be obtained. In 1504, a correlation parameter may be obtained. Thecorrelation parameter may be the correlation parameter describedelsewhere in this disclosure (e.g., the descriptions related to step1304 of the process 1300). In some embodiments, one or more correlationparameters may be obtained.

In 1506, whether the correlation parameter exceeds a positive thresholdmay be determined. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1506may be performed by the determination unit 820. The positive thresholdmay be default settings of the data transmission system 100, or may beadjustable based on an instruction from a user. In response to thedetermination that the correlation parameter exceeds the positivethreshold, step 1514 may be executed.

In response to the determination that the correlation parameter is lessthan or equal to the positive threshold, step 1508 may be executed. In1508, whether the correlation parameter exceeds a negative threshold maybe determined. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1508 maybe performed by the determination unit 820. In response to thedetermination that the correlation parameter exceeds the negativethreshold, step 1514 may be executed.

In response to the determination that the correlation parameter is lessthan or equal to the negative threshold, step 1510 may be executed. In1510, frame data of the data frame may be assigned to a first value. Insome embodiments, one or more operations of 1510 may be performed by theassignment unit 830. The first value may be 0.

In 1512, the frame data of the data frame may be extracted. In someembodiments, one or more operations of 1512 may be performed by thedecoding unit 840. In some embodiments, for the frame data have beenencoded according to an encoding method, the frame data may be extractedaccording to a corresponding decoding method. For example, when theencoding method is a spread spectrum coding method, the decoding unit840 may extract the frame data by despreading the frame data. As anotherexample, when the encoding method is a channel coding method (e.g., aGray code encoding method), the decoding unit 840 may extract the framedata by decoding the channel coding.

In 1514, the frame data of the data frame may be assigned to a secondvalue. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1514 may beperformed by the assignment unit 830. The second value may be 1.

It should be noted that the above description is merely provided for thepurposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art,multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings ofthe present disclosure. However, those variations and modifications donot depart from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, one ormore other optional steps (e.g., steps for storing the frame data, thecorrelation parameters, the positive threshold and/or the negativethreshold) may be added somewhere in the exemplary process 1500. Asanother example, the soft decision decoding may be used in the processof extracting the frame data of the data frame (not shown in FIG. 15).In the method of the soft decision decoding, the frame data of the dataframe may be mean processed. The correlation parameter or the meanprocessed frame data of the data frame may be normalized. The normalizedframe data of the data frame may be expressed as formula (9) shownbelow:

$\begin{matrix}{\overset{\prime}{Z} = \frac{{2z} - \left( {\hat{A} + \hat{B}} \right)}{\hat{A} - \hat{B}}} & (9)\end{matrix}$

where ź may denote the normalized frame data of the data frame; z maydenote the frame data of the data frame before normalization; Â maydenote the amplitude of data 1 of the data frame in formula (6);{circumflex over (B)} may denote the amplitude of data 0 of the dataframe in formula (7).

The value ź may be in a vicinity of ±1 because of the influence ofnoise. The normalized frame data of the data frame may be soft decisiondecoded.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process fortransmitting an audio data in a video signal according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. The process 1600 may be executedby the data transmission system 100. For example, the process 1600 maybe implemented as a set of instructions (e.g., an application) stored inthe storage ROM 230 or RAM 240. The CPU 220 may execute the set ofinstructions and may accordingly be directed to perform the process1600. The operations of the illustrated process presented below areintended to be illustrative. In some embodiments, the process may beaccomplished with one or more additional operations not described,and/or without one or more of the operations discussed. Additionally,the order in which the operations of the process as illustrated in FIG.16 and described below is not intended to be limiting.

In 1602, a sign of an audio signal frame may be determined based on a PNsequence. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1602 may beperformed by the sequence generation unit 610.

The PN sequence may be a PN sequence with m₄ stage. For example, thesign of the audio signal frame may be L₃ (L₃≥1) PN sequence(s) with m₄stage (m₄≥3). The PN sequence may be generated by a linear feedbackshift register (LFSR) which is constructed according to a correspondingprimitive polynomial. Taking m₄=3 for example, a PN sequence with thelength of 7 (i.e., 2^(∧)3−1) may be generated by the linear feedbackshift register (LFSR). The data 0 and data 1 of the PN sequence may bethe minimum and maximum of the audio signal respectively.

In 1604, audio data of the audio signal frame may be non-uniformquantized. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1604 may beperformed by the processing unit 620. In some embodiments, the audiodata of the audio signal frame may be non-uniform quantized according toA-law or μ-law.

In 1606, the non-uniform quantized audio data may be encoded.

In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1606 may be performed bythe processing unit 620. In some embodiments, the non-uniform quantizedaudio data may be encoded according to a Gray code encoding method.

In 1608, the encoded data may be modulated. In some embodiments, one ormore operations of 1608 may be performed by the processing unit 620. Insome embodiments, the encoded data may be modulated based on amultilevel baseband method.

In 1610, the audio signal frame including the sign of the audio signalframe and the modulated data may be generated.

In 1612, the audio signal frame may be filtered. In some embodiments,one or more operations of 1612 may be performed by the preprocessingunit 710. In some embodiments, the audio signal frame may be filteredbased on a shaping filter. For example, the shaping filter may be araised cosine shaping filter.

In 1614, the audio signal frame may be inserted into an area of a videosignal. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1604 may beperformed by the insertion module 420. In some embodiments, the area ofthe video signal may be an area of between an end of a colorsynchronization of a video active line and a cut-off point of a lineblanking area. In some embodiments, the video signal having the audiosignal frame may be transmitted to another device (e.g., the datareception device 130).

In 1616, line and field synchronization information of the video signalmay be extracted. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1604may be performed by the preprocessing unit 710.

In some embodiments, the format of the video signal having the audiosignal frame may be estimated, and the line and field synchronizationinformation of the video signal having the audio signal frame may bedetermined.

In 1618, the sign of the audio signal frame may be determined based onthe line and field synchronization information of the video signal. Insome embodiments, one or more operations of 1618 may be performed by thedetermination unit 730.

In some embodiments, an effective window may be determined based on theline and field synchronization information of the video signal. The signof the audio signal frame may be determined in the effective window.

In 1620, the audio data of the audio signal frame may be extracted. Insome embodiments, one or more operations of 1620 may be performed by theextraction module 530. The audio data of the audio signal frame may beextracted after the sign of the audio signal frame is determined.

In some embodiments, for the audio data have been encoded according to achannel coding method, the extraction module 530 may extract the audiodata and calculate an average of the audio data. The extracted audiodata or the average of the audio data may be decision processed. Thedecision processed audio data may be decoding processed and usefulinformation about the audio data may be extracted. For example, the harddecision processed audio data may be decoding processed according to thedecoding method. As another example, the normalized audio data may besoft decision decoding processed. In some embodiments, for the audiodata have been modulated by the multilevel baseband, the extractionmodule 530 may extract the audio based on the multilevel basebanddemodulation. The multilevel baseband demodulation may reduceinterference in the transmission process.

It should be noted that the above description is merely provided for thepurposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art,multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings ofthe present disclosure. However, those variations and modifications donot depart from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, one ormore other optional steps (e.g., steps for storing the generated audiosignal frame and/or the video signal having the audio signal) may beadded somewhere in the exemplary process 1600. As another example, thesoft decision decoding may be used in the process of extracting theframe data of the data frame (not shown in FIG. 16). In the method ofthe soft decision decoding, the audio data of the audio signal frame maybe mean processed. The correlation parameter or the mean processed audiodata of the audio signal frame may be normalized. Taking multilevelbaseband modulation with 4 stage for example, the normalized frame dataof the data frame may be expressed as formula (10) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{\hat{Z} = {\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}}\frac{{2z} - \left( {\hat{A} + \hat{B}} \right)}{\hat{A} - \hat{B}}}} & (10)\end{matrix}$

where ź may denote the normalized frame data of the data frame; z maydenote the frame data of the data frame before normalization; Â maydenote the amplitude of data 1 of the data frame in formula (13);{circumflex over (B)} may denote the amplitude of data 0 of the dataframe in formula (14).

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for detecting asign of an audio signal frame and calculating a decision thresholdaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The process1700 may be executed by the detection module 520. For example, theprocess 1700 may be implemented as a set of instructions (e.g., anapplication) stored in the storage ROM 230 or RAM 240. The CPU 220 mayexecute the set of instructions and may accordingly be directed toperform the process 1700. The operations of the illustrated processpresented below are intended to be illustrative. In some embodiments,the process may be accomplished with one or more additional operationsnot described, and/or without one or more of the operations discussed.Additionally, the order in which the operations of the process asillustrated in FIG. 17 and described below is not intended to belimiting. In some embodiments, step 1618 illustrated in process 1600 maybe performed according to process 1700.

In 1702, an operation based on a known sequence and a video signalhaving an audio signal frame may be performed. In some embodiments, oneor more operations of 1702 may be performed by the operation unit 720.The known sequence may be an autocorrelation and cross-correlationsequence.

In 1704, a correlation parameter may be determined. In some embodiments,one or more operations of 1704 may be performed by the determinationunit 730. The correlation parameter may be determined while performingthe operation based on the known sequence and the video signal havingthe audio signal frame. In some embodiments, one or more correlationparameters may be determined.

In 1706, whether the correlation parameter exceeds a threshold may bedetermined. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1706 may beperformed by the determination unit 730.

The threshold may be default settings of the data transmission system100, or may be adjustable based on an instruction from a user. Inresponse to the determination that the correlation parameter exceeds thethreshold, step 1708 may be executed. In 1708, a peak value of thecorrelation parameters may be searched. In some embodiments, one or moreoperations of 1708 may be performed by the determination unit 730. Insome embodiments, the peak value of the correlation parameters may be amaximum of the correlation parameters.

In some embodiments, the peak value of the correlation parameters may bedetermined according to formula (11) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{y_{1} = \frac{A \times 2^{m_{4} - 1}}{2^{m_{4}} - 1}} & (11)\end{matrix}$

where y₁ may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters,wherein data 1 and data 0 are represented by 1 and 0 respectively; A maydenote amplitude of data 1 of the audio signal frame; and m₄ may denotethe stage of the sequence of the sign of the audio signal frame.

In some embodiments, the peak value of the correlation parameters may bedetermined according to formula (12) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{y_{2} = \frac{{A \times 2^{m_{4} - 1}} - {B \times \left( {2^{m_{4} - 1} - 1} \right)}}{2^{m_{3}} - 1}} & (12)\end{matrix}$

where y₂ may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters,wherein data 1 and data 0 are represented by 1 and −1 respectively; Amay denote the amplitude of data 1 of the audio signal frame; B maydenote the amplitude of data 0 of the audio signal frame (B usually isequal to the amplitude of a blanking level); and m₄ may denote the stageof the sequence of the sign of the audio signal frame.

If m₄ is large enough, y₂ may be approximately equal to

$\frac{A - B}{2},$

which is the amplitude of the blanking level.

In some embodiments, the peak value of the correlation parameters

or

may be searched. The amplitude of data 1 of the audio signal frame maybe determined according to formula (13) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{\hat{A} = \frac{\times \left( {2^{m_{4}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{4} - 1}}} & (13)\end{matrix}$

where Â may denote the amplitude of data 1 of the audio signal frame,

may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters, wherein data 1and data 0 are represented by 1 and 0 respectively; and m₄ may denotethe stage of the sequence of the sign of the audio signal frame.

The amplitude of data 0 of the data frame may be determined according toformula (14) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{\hat{B} = \frac{( - ) \times \left( {2^{m_{4}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{4} - 1} - 1}} & (14)\end{matrix}$

where {circumflex over (B)} may denote the amplitude of data 0 of theaudio signal frame,

may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters, wherein data 1and data 0 are represented by 1 and 0 respectively; y₂ may denote thepeak value of the correlation parameters, wherein data 1 and data 0 arerepresented by 1 and −1 respectively; and m₄ may denote the stage of thesequence of the sign of the audio signal frame.

In 1710, an effective window including occurrences that the correlationparameter exceeds the threshold exceed a number threshold may bedetermined. In some embodiments, one or more operations of 1710 may beperformed by the determination unit 730.

The number threshold may be default settings of the data transmissionsystem 100, or may be adjustable based on an instruction from a user.The effective window may be generated based on the determination thatthe occurrences that the correlation parameters exceeds the thresholdexceeds the number threshold.

In 1712, a sign of the audio signal frame may be detected. The sign ofthe audio signal frame may be detected based on the determination thatthe effective window including the occurrences that the correlationparameter exceeds the threshold exceed the number threshold isdetermined.

In 1714, a time that the peak value of the correlation parametersdetermined may be determined. In some embodiments, one or moreoperations of 1714 may be performed by the determination unit 730.

In 1716, a time of sampling an audio data based on the time that thepeak value of the correlation parameter determined may be determined. Insome embodiments, one or more operations of 1716 may be performed by thedetermination unit 730.

In 1718, a value of extracting the audio data based on the peak value ofthe correlation parameters may be determined. The value of extractingthe audio data may represent a start point of extracting the audio data.In some embodiments, the peak value of the correlation parameters may bethe value of extracting the frame data. In some embodiments, the valueof extracting the audio data may be the decision threshold. The decisionthreshold may be determined based on the multilevel baseband modulationwith K level. Taking K=4 and m₄=3 for example, the decision thresholdsmay be determined according to formulas (15)-(17) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{C_{1} = {\frac{{5\hat{A}} + \hat{B}}{6} = {{\frac{5 \times \left( {2^{m_{4}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{4}}} + \frac{( - ) \times \left( {2^{m_{4}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{1}} - 2}} = {\frac{35}{8} + \frac{7( - )}{6}}}}} & (15) \\{C_{2} = {\frac{\hat{A} + \hat{B}}{2} = {{\frac{\times \left( {2^{m_{4}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{4}}} + \frac{( - ) \times \left( {2^{m_{4}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{4}} - 2}} = {\frac{7}{8} + \frac{7( - )}{6}}}}} & (16) \\{C_{3} = {\frac{\hat{A} + {5\hat{B}}}{2} = {{\frac{\times \left( {2^{m_{4}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{4}}} + \frac{( - ) \times \left( {2^{m_{4}} - 1} \right)}{2^{m_{4}} - 2}} = {\frac{7}{8} + \frac{35( - )}{6}}}}} & (17)\end{matrix}$

where C₁, C₂, C₃ may denote the decision thresholds; Â may denote theamplitude of data 1 of the audio signal frame; {circumflex over (B)} maydenote the amplitude of data 0 of the audio signal frame,

may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters, wherein data 1and data 0 are represented by 1 and 0 respectively; where

may denote the peak value of the correlation parameters, and m₄ maydenote the stage of the sequence of the sign of the audio signal.

Taking multilevel baseband modulation with the level of 4 for example,the normalized frame data of the data frame may be expressed as formula(18) shown below:

$\begin{matrix}{\hat{z} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}3 & {z > C_{1}} \\2 & {C_{2} < z < C_{1}} \\1 & {C_{3} < z < C_{2}} \\0 & {z < C_{3}}\end{matrix} \right.} & (18)\end{matrix}$

where {circumflex over (z)} may denote the normalized frame data of thedata frame; C₁, C₂, C₃ may denote the decision thresholds; z may denotethe frame data of the data frame before normalization.

In response to the determination that the correlation parameter is lessthan or equal to the threshold, step 1720 may be executed. In 1720, thedetermination unit 730 may determine that no sign of the audio signalframe is detected.

It should be noted that the above description is merely provided for thepurposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art,multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings ofthe present disclosure. However, those variations and modifications donot depart from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, one ormore other optional steps (e.g., steps for storing the generated audiosignal frame and/or the video signal having the audio signal) may beadded somewhere in the exemplary process 1700.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary format of a compositevideo broadcast signal (CVBS) frame according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure. As shown in FIG. 18, the composite video broadcastsignal frame may include pre-equalization 1810, field synchronization1820, post-equalization 1830, blanking area 1840, and effective area1850.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary format of a blanking lineaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 19, the blanking line may include a line blanking area 1910 and aline effective area 1920. There may be a synchronization head of line1930 in the line effective area. The data frame may be placed in theeffective area of line, which may not affect the line and fieldsynchronization and utilize the idle time of the blanking lineeffectively.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary linear feedback shiftregister (LFSR) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.Taking m₁=5 for example, a schematic diagram of the linear feedbackshift register (LFSR) which is constructed according to a correspondingprimitive polynomial may be generated. The sequence with a length of 31(i.e., 2^(∧)5−1) may be generated by the linear feedback shift register(LFSR) shown in FIG. 20.

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary multilevel basebandmodulation according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Asshown in FIG. 21, a corresponding amplitude of maximum level of amodulating signal may be no higher than a maximum amplitude of a videosignal.

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of an audiosignal according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shownin FIG. 22, the audio signal may include a sign 2210 and audio data2220.

FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of exemplary formats of a blanking lineand an effective line according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. As shown in FIG. 23, the blanking line may include a lineblanking area 2310 and a line effective area 2320. There may be asynchronization head of line 2330 in the line effective area. An audioframe may be inserted an area (an audio section 2340) between an end ofa color synchronization of an active line and a cut-off point of theline blanking area.

To implement various modules, units, and their functionalities describedin the present disclosure, computer hardware platforms may be used asthe hardware platform(s) for one or more of the elements describedherein. A computer with user interface elements may be used to implementa personal computer (PC) or any other type of work station or terminaldevice. A computer may also act as a server if appropriately programmed.

Having thus described the basic concepts, it may be rather apparent tothose skilled in the art after reading this detailed disclosure that theforegoing detailed disclosure is intended to be presented by way ofexample only and is not limiting. Various alterations, improvements, andmodifications may occur and are intended to those skilled in the art,though not expressly stated herein. These alterations, improvements, andmodifications are intended to be suggested by this disclosure, and arewithin the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of thisdisclosure.

Moreover, certain terminology has been used to describe embodiments ofthe present disclosure. For example, the terms “one embodiment,” “anembodiment,” and/or “some embodiments” mean that a particular feature,structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodimentis included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or morereferences to “an embodiment” or “one embodiment” or “an alternativeembodiment” in various portions of this specification are notnecessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, theparticular features, structures or characteristics may be combined assuitable in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

Further, it will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects ofthe present disclosure may be illustrated and described herein in any ofa number of patentable classes or context including any new and usefulprocess, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new anduseful improvement thereof. Accordingly, aspects of the presentdisclosure may be implemented entirely hardware, entirely software(including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or combiningsoftware and hardware implementation that may all generally be referredto herein as a “unit,” “module,” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects ofthe present disclosure may take the form of a computer program productembodied in one or more computer readable media having computer readableprogram code embodied thereon.

A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signalwith computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, inbaseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may takeany of a variety of forms, including electro-magnetic, optical, or thelike, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signalmedium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computerreadable storage medium and that may communicate, propagate, ortransport a program for use by or in connection with an instructionexecution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on acomputer readable signal medium may be transmitted using any appropriatemedium, including wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, or thelike, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of thepresent disclosure may be written in any combination of one or moreprogramming languages, including an object-oriented programming languagesuch as Java, Scala, Smalltalk, Eiffel, JADE, Emerald, C++, C#, VB. NET,Python or the like, conventional procedural programming languages, suchas the “C” programming language, Visual Basic, Fortran 2003, Perl, COBOL2002, PHP, ABAP, dynamic programming languages such as Python, Ruby andGroovy, or other programming languages. The program code may executeentirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as astand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partlyon a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. Inthe latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user'scomputer through any type of network, including a local area network(LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to anexternal computer (for example, through the Internet using an InternetService Provider) or in a cloud computing environment or offered as aservice such as a Software as a Service (SaaS).

Furthermore, the recited order of processing elements or sequences, orthe use of numbers, letters, or other designations therefore, is notintended to limit the claimed processes and methods to any order exceptas may be specified in the claims. Although the above disclosurediscusses through various examples what is currently considered to be avariety of useful embodiments of the disclosure, it is to be understoodthat such detail is solely for that purpose, and that the appendedclaims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on thecontrary, are intended to cover modifications and equivalentarrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the disclosedembodiments. For example, although the implementation of variouscomponents described above may be embodied in a hardware device, it mayalso be implemented as a software only solution, e.g., an installationon an existing server or mobile device.

Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description ofembodiments of the present disclosure, various features are sometimesgrouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereoffor the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in theunderstanding of one or more of the various embodiments. This method ofdisclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intentionthat the claimed subject matter requires more features than areexpressly recited in each claim. Rather, claimed subject matter may liein less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment.

1. A method implemented on at least one device each of which has at least one processor and storage, the method comprising: generating a data frame, the data frame including at least a frame header and frame data, the frame header including at least one autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence; inserting the data frame into an area of a video signal, wherein the inserted area of the video signal is not an area of line and field synchronization or an area of effective video; transmitting the video signal having the data frame to another device.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the data frame includes an audio signal frame.
 3. (canceled)
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein an audio of the audio signal frame is modulated based on a multilevel baseband method.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the audio signal frame is processed by a shaping filter, the shaping filter including a raised cosine shaping filter.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the inserted area of the video signal is one of: an area between an end of a color synchronization of a video active line and a cut-off point of a line blanking area, an area between an end of the color synchronization of a blanking line and the cut-off point of a line blanking area, or an effective area of a blanking line.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence is a Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequence or a Gold sequence.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the data frame further comprises a frame tail, the frame tail including at least one autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the frame tail has same content as the frame header.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the frame data are encoded according to a spread spectrum coding method or a channel coding method.
 11. A method implemented on at least one device each of which has at least one processor and storage, the method comprising: obtaining a video signal having a data frame, wherein the data frame is inserted into an area of the video signal, the data frame including at least a frame header and frame data, the frame header including at least one autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence; determining the frame header of the data frame; and extracting the frame data of the data frame based on the frame header of the data frame.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the data frame includes an audio signal frame.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the audio signal frame is non-uniform quantized according to A-law or p-law.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein an audio of the audio signal frame is modulated based on a multilevel baseband method.
 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the inserted area of the video signal is one of: an area between an end of a color synchronization of a video active line and a cut-off point of a line blanking area, an area between an end of the color synchronization of a blanking line and the cut-off point of a line blanking area, or an effective area of a blanking line.
 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence is a Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequence or a Gold sequence.
 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining a frame tail, the frame tail including at least one autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the frame tail has same content as the frame header.
 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising obtaining a next data frame according to an end of the frame tail or a number of the frame data extracted from the data frame reaching a set number.
 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the frame data are encoded according to a spread spectrum coding method or a channel coding method.
 21. (canceled)
 22. A system, comprising: at least one storage medium including a set of instructions for transmitting data; and at least one processor configured to communicate with the at least one storage medium, wherein when executing the set of instructions, the at least one processor is configured to cause the system to: generate a data frame, the data frame including at least a frame header and frame data, the frame header including at least one autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence; insert the data frame into an area of a video signal, wherein the inserted area of the video signal is not an area of line and field synchronization or an area of effective video; transmit the video signal having the data frame to another device. 23-44. (canceled) 